The ability of stratospheric sulfate aerosols to create a global dimming effect has made them a possible candidate for use in geoengineering projects to limit the effect and impact of climate change due to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Delivery of precursor sulfide gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by artillery, aircraft and balloons has been proposed.

Tom Wigley calculated the impact of injecting sulfate particles, or aerosols, every one to four years into the stratosphere in amounts equal to those lofted by the volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, but did not address the many technical and political challenges involved in potential geoengineering efforts. If found to be economically, environmentally and technologically viable, such injections could provide a “grace period” of up to 20 years before major cutbacks in greenhouse gas emissions would be required, he concludes.

Direct delivery of precursors is proposed by Paul Crutzen.[1] This would typically be achieved using sulfide gases such as dimethyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide (H2S).[4] These compounds would be delivered using artillery, aircraft (such as the high-flying F15C)[1] or balloons, and result in the formation of compounds with the sulfate anion SO42-.

According to estimates by the Council on Foreign Relations, “one kilogram of well placed sulfur in the stratosphere would roughly offset the warming effect of several hundred thousand kilograms of carbon dioxide.”

Aerosol formation

Primary aerosol formation, also known as homogeneous aerosol formation results when gaseous SO2 combines with water to form aqueous sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This acidic liquid solution is in the form of a vapor and condenses onto particles of solid matter, either meteoritic in origin or from dust carried from the surface to the stratosphere. Secondary or heterogeneous aerosol formation occurs when H2SO4 vapor condenses onto existing aerosol particles. Existing aerosol particles or droplets also run into each other, creating larger particles or droplets in a process known as coagulation. The larger the particles or droplets, the shorter their residence time in the stratosphere and the less effective they are at scattering visible sunlight.

Arguments for the technique

The arguments in favor of this approach are:

* Natural process[8] — Stratospheric sulfur aerosols are created by existing atmospheric processes (especially volcanoes), the behaviour of which has been studied observationally. Other, more speculative geoengineering schemes, do not have natural analogs (e.g. space sunshade).
* Speed of action — Solar radiation management works quickly, in contrast to carbon sequestration projects such as carbon dioxide air capture which would take longer to have an effect, as the latter relies on removing large amounts of carbon dioxide before they become effective;[5] however, gaps in understanding of these processes exist (e.g. the effect on stratospheric climate and on rainfall patterns) and further research is needed.
* Technological feasibility — In contrast to other geoengineering schemes, such as space sunshade, the technology required is pre-existing: chemical manufacturing, artillery shells, fighter aircraft, weather balloons, etc.[4]
* Cost — The low-tech nature of this approach has led commentators to suggest it will cost less than many other interventions. Costs cannot be derived in a wholly objective fashion, as pricing can only be roughly estimated at an early stage. However, an assessment reported in Newscientist suggests a relatively low cost. According to Paul Crutzen annual cost of enough stratospheric sulfur injections to counteract effects of doubling CO2 concentrations would be $25–50 billion a year.
* Efficacy — Most geoengineering schemes can only provide a limited intervention in the climate – one cannot reduce the temperature by more than a certain amount with each technique. New research by Lenton and Vaughan suggests that this technique may have a high radiative ‘forcing potential’.
* Tipping points — Application of this technique may prevent climate tipping elements, such as the loss of the Greenland ice sheet

Efficacy problems

All geoengineering schemes have potential efficacy problems, due to the difficulty of modelling their impact and the inherently complex nature of the global climate system. Nevertheless, certain efficacy issues are specific to the use of this particular technique.

* Lifespan of aerosols — Tropospheric sulfur aerosols are short lived. Delivery of particles into the lower stratosphere will typically ensure that they remain aloft only for a few weeks or months. To ensure endurance, high-level delivery is needed, ensuring a typical endurance of several years. Further, sizing of particles is crucial to their endurance.

* Aerosol delivery — Even discounting the challenges of lifting, there are still significant challenges in designing a delivery system that is capable of delivering the precursor gases in the right manner to encourage effective aerosol formation. For example, it is unclear whether aerial shells should be designed to leak slowly or burst suddenly. The size of aerosol particles is also crucial, and efforts must be made to ensure optimal delivery.

* Distribution — It is logistically difficult to deliver aerosols evenly around the globe. Challenges therefore exist in creating a network of delivery points sufficient to allow viable geoengineering from a limited number of launching sites.

Side effects

Geoengineering in general is a controversial technique, and carries problems and risks, such as weaponisation. However, certain problems are specific to, or more pronounced with this particular technique.

* Drought, particularly monsoon failure in Asia and Africa is a major risk.
* Ozone depletion is a potential side effect of sulfur aerosols; and these concerns have been supported by modeling.
* Tarnishing of the sky: Aerosols will noticeably affect the appearance of the sky, resulting a potential “whitening” effect, and altered sunsets.
* Tropopause warming and the humidification of the stratosphere.
* Effect on clouds: Cloud formation may be affected, notably cirrus clouds and polar stratospheric clouds.
* Effect on ecosystems: The diffusion of sunlight may affect plant growth.
* Effect on solar energy: Incident sunlight will be lower,[28] which may affect solar power systems both directly and disproportionately, especially in the case that such systems rely on direct radiation.
* Deposition effects: Although predicted to be insignificant, there is nevertheless a risk of direct environmental damage from falling particles.
* Uneven effects: Aerosols are reflective, making them more effective during the day. Greenhouse gases block outbound radiation at all times a day.

Further, the delivery methods may cause significant problems, notably climate change and possible ozone depletion in the case of aircraft, and litter in the case of untethered balloons.

Delivery methods

Various techniques have been proposed for delivering the aerosol precursor gases (H2S and SO2). The required altitude to enter the stratosphere is the height of the tropopause, which varies from 11 km (6.8 miles/36,080 feet) at the poles to 17 km (11 miles/58,080 feet) at the equator.

* Aircraft such as the F15-C variant of the F-15 Eagle have the necessary flight ceiling, but limited payload. Military tanker aircraft such as the KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender also have the necessary ceiling and have greater payload.
* Modified Artillery might have the necessary capability, but unfortunately requires a polluting and expensive gunpowder charge to loft the payload.
* High-altitude balloons can be used to lift precursor gases, in tanks, bladders or in the balloons’ envelope. Balloons can also be used to lift pipes and hoses, but no moored balloon has ever been deployed to the necessary altitude.

Straight from the Horses Ass.
Source: wikipedia.org

The oil that is still leaking from the well can seriously damage the economy and the environment of our Gulf States, and it could extend for a long time. It could jeopardize the livelihoods of thousands of Americans who call this place home. That is why the federal government has launched an all-hands-on-deck, relentless response to this crisis from day one. President Barack Obama May 2, 2010

Yesterday, President Obama tried to sugarcoat his administration’s inadequate and tardy response to the worst oil spill in our nation’s history. His claim that the administration has been “all-hands-on-deck…from day one” is laughable. The Deepwater Horizon well exploded on April 20, but the President did not make his first remarks on the incident until nine days later and finally visited the region May 2, twelve days after the incident. In fact, the Coast Guard Commander for the region initially stated that the incident would not result in a major oil spill.

Prior to addressing the Gulf disaster, the President found time to blast Wall Street and the Governor of Arizona, advocate Earth Day awareness, meet with Rev. Billy Graham, pitch racial politics in his weekly radio address, prepare his jokes for the White House Correspondents’ Dinner, make a racially divisive video to activate his political coalition for the 2010 election and hold an impromptu news conference on a range of topics. In this news conference, the President discussed everything from the Supreme Court to immigration, but did not mention the disaster in the Gulf.

It was not until April 29 that President Obama deemed the massive explosion right off the coast of Louisiana to be worthy of comment. It was at that point that his administration finally realized that they had underestimated the severity of the explosion. Only then did the administration move into a frenzied state of “action” trying to cover-up their initial mistakes, their inaction and utter ineptitude.

Commercial fishermen in Louisiana could have been utilized from the early hours of this crisis to deploy boom and protect delicate marshland. Sadly, there was an unacceptable delay and even now, not enough fishermen are being used and many continue to wait for a call to action that has not come. In addition, the controlled burn of the oil was not started until four hours after the second leak was discovered.

Five years ago, government officials at all levels failed the citizens of the state. This time, there are similar failures from government officials who waited much too long to take action. Dealing with an emergency effectively requires decisive leadership. On that important test, President Obama failed miserably. Of course, the liberal mainstream news media has given the President a pass. If a Republican President had neglected such a crisis for so long, there would be a media firestorm.

During his visit yesterday, the President once again pinned the blame on British Petroleum (BP), the operator of the well. Yet, this blame game does nothing to help Louisiana deal with another Katrina-like threat. Of course, BP will have to pay for the damages and is ultimately responsible, but when the Gulf Coast is threatened by a massive oil spill, it becomes the responsibility of the President of the United States as well. Our federal government has many more resources than BP and those resources should have been deployed from the first day, not ten days after the explosion

The President’s six hour visit does not offer much satisfaction to our fishing industry which has been shutdown by this incident. Approximately 30 percent of the seafood consumed in this nation comes through the wetlands of Louisiana, so this disaster will impact millions of Americans.

Today, the estimates are that the well is leaking 5,000 barrels per day, but the President’s point person for the disaster Commander Admiral Thad Allen noted that the leak could increase 2,000 percent to an unimaginable level of 100,000 barrels per day. The environmental consequences of such a monumental mountain of oil are too scary to contemplate.

The massive oil spill threatens the economy and environment of this region. It will lead to billions of dollars in damages. Sadly, it did not capture the attention of the President until nine catastrophic days had elapsed. If this disaster had occurred off the coast of New York or California or any blue state, there is little doubt that President Obama would have been more proactive.

This massive explosion should have been priority number one for this administration from April 20 onward, but, unfortunately, politics and other trivial pursuits, occupied the time of the President until a wake-up call on April 29. In the nine days that elapsed, precious time was lost and a containment problem became a clean-up nightmare.

Obama’s response to the oil explosion was so tardy that he actually accomplished the impossible. He made Bush’s response to Hurricane Katrina seem downright timely.

–
Jeff Crouere is a native of New Orleans, LA and he is the host of a Louisiana based program, “Ringside Politics,” which airs at 7:30 p.m. Fri. and 10:00 p.m. Sun. on WLAE-TV 32, a PBS station, and 7 till 11 a.m.weekdays on WGSO 990 AM in New Orleans and the Northshore. For more information, visit his web site at www.ringsidepolitics.com. E-mail him at jeff@ringsidepolitics.com.

Source

The Illuminati are the top players on the International playground, basically belonging to the thirteen of the wealthiest families in the world, and they are the men who really rule the world from behind the scenes (yes, they are mostly men, with a few exceptions). They are the REAL Decision Makers, who make up the rules for presidents and governments to follow, and they are often held from public scrutiny, as their action can’t stand being scrutinized. They are connected by bloodlines going back thousands and thousands of years in time, and they are very careful with keeping those bloodlines as pure as possible from generation to generation. The only way to do so is by interbreeding.

Chemtrail Overdose 2010- Massive Chemtrails 2010

An article appeared in The Telegraph Weekly Newspaper written by Louise Gray,Enviroment Correspondent in The Copenhagen Climate Meeting last year Titled”Only 10 years to save planet,says Met Office”She quotes Jason Lowe head of Mitigation advice at The UK Met Office,He admits and Confirms The Reality of”Geo-engineering”as a means&method of combating”Global Warming”one particular method is Experimenting in producing artificial man-made clouds as a Sun-screen,is this a reference to what is now known as”Chemtrails”?The Whole Global Warming issue has become a Central issue in The World Political arena&Enviromental Science aswell as The Internet&YouTube as many questions&doubts have arisen causing skeptism&reservation of The validity of the whole Global Warming Issue&Climate change which was Enforced by AL Gore”s “Inconvenient Truth”Video:Do these Chemtrails serve another Purpose?Our Investigation Continues in this Contrail-versial

Chemtrails – Best Evidence Part 1 of 5

Geo-Engineering (Wikipedia def) is the artificial modification of Earth’s climate systems.
Geo-Engineering projects range from DECLASSIFIED experimentation (like iron particles being dumped into the oceans to attract algae, which sequesters carbon and, theoretically, slows global warming) to HIGHLY CLASSIFIED experimentation like AEROSOL SPRAYING (chemical spraying). The two most quickly advancing Geo-Engineering philosophies are carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM). Geo-Engineering also includes EMF/Atomspheric Heaters, like HAARP.

This website DOES NOT track the movements of citizen based geo-engineering projects, like living roofs, tree planting etc. Our focus is the industrial scaled programs both private and government born, that have the potential AND LIKELIHOOD TO DEVASTATE OUR PLANET. Current Geo-Engineering News (and related)is in the left blue column. Aging news posts then go to the articles page. Older news (up to 20 years)and some scientific reserach is here

Whether you believe in global warming, OR NOT, geoengineering is a threat to you. If you don’t think big brother is going to artificially and chemically modify the planet, just read the mainstream news releases on the left, in the blue column.

VOLUMES OF DATA, LAB TESTS AND VIDEO FOOTAGE, FROM ALL OVER THE GLOBE, MAKE CLEAR THE CONCLUSION THAT AEROSOL SPRAYING HAS BEEN AN ONGOING LETHAL REALITY.

Citizens have found government data to back up their claims. The most extensive recent testing is the Northen California Citizens for Clean Air efforts. To find water, air and soil tests outside of California (including international), start here. You will find our library here(founded by Rosalind Peterson), including California state and Northern California private testing. We are currently backlogged about 2 dozen Norcal tests that have to be digitized and uploaded.

What does it say about Washington’s ”war on terror” that dozen and a half people with paper cutters forced hundreds of thousands of Western troops into the battlefields of the “greater Middle East” region;

That 100,000 foreign soldiers are bogged down in occupied Afghanistan wondering how many dozens of al-Qaeda operatives have remained, if any;

That the most liberal democracy enacted new controversial illiberal laws and unpatriotic practices under its “Patriot Act”;

That one shoe-bomber has forced millions of people to take off their shoes every time they take a flight;

That one underpants-bomber will expose every other traveler in most humiliating of ways;

That after US loss of deterrence and prestige as well as trillions of dollars of military and other expenditures, al-Qaeda’s top leadership remains at large; its bases/cells proliferate globally; that volunteers continue to flock into its ranks and young supporters to its websites… !!! And above all that it continues to terrorize America and Americans.

So much that one gets the impression that America is fighting a world superpower despite the incredible disparities in capacity, numbers and support.

Is al-Qaeda winning? Has the United States lost?

Hitting the Jackpot
A dozen years ago, a demoralized group with nowhere to go but the hills of Afghanistan, al-Qaeda began targeting America instead of the region’s authoritarian regimes hoping to destabilize the region, bloody America’s nose and gain popularity.

Its strategy was simple: Draw the US into direct confrontation against and within the Muslim world. Like sheep to the slaughter house, America walked right into its trap.

Al-Qaeda was lucky. With a ‘cowboy’ and so-called “chicken-hawks” (militarists who ever served in the military) dominating the White House and the Pentagon… military escalation was only a question of time and intensity.
The Bush administration decided to “take the war to the enemy so as not to fight it at home”. This is exactly what al-Qaeda hoped for considering it wasn’t applying for Green cards for its members.

It all went as smooth as a scripted movie. After the 9/11 attacks at the pillars of its world status, the Pentagon and Wall Street, the wounded superpower went on a rampage. Like a bull in a china shop, it responded with little or no thinking of the consequences of its military actions.

Warmongers took advantage of the threat to US national security to advance their military agenda in foreign policy and the radical American Right exploited what they termed as the threat to “our way of life” to transform America’s way of life towards the Right.

Washington called for a “crusade”, then changed it into a “war” on terror and under its guise, went on to occupy Afghanistan and Iraq and support Israel’s bloody wars in Lebanon andPalestine.  It also intervened in Somalia, Yemen and Pakistan and put direct pressure on its allies to confront their Islamist movements.

In no time, the US was preoccupied by its draining occupation and costly military operations. And as expected, the terrible human cost only added petrol to the flames of hatred.

Paradoxically, anti-Americanism has been more rampant under “friendly regimes” like in Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Turkey etc. than others.

America’s unfortunate and disproportionate use of military force to defeat a segmented, mobile and polycentric movement of several hundred core groups of fighters didn’t make it any more secure or dissuasive.

As the Obama administration asks for $33 bn extra budget above the already approved $660 bn for 2010, I remember what Richard Meyers, the former head of the US joint chiefs of staff, told me several weeks ago how a decade later, the US still doesn’t have a strategy to deal with “the global insurgency” facing America.

Beyond military
Popular opposition and world denunciations of US military campaign has fallen on deaf ears in Washington. Instead of seriously reversing its military expansion, the Obama administration has accelerated it in the Afghan-Pakistan area and it seems adamant to repeat more of the same in Yemen.

Needless to say, no serious strategic analyst would advise abandoning military power all together. However, Washington’s dependency on, even addiction to, firepower has neutralized or nullified all other efforts towards defusing support for al-Qaeda and truly winning hearts.

Good-will gestures provided by President Obama and his attempts to reconnect to the Arab and Islamic world on the basis of “mutual interest and mutual respect” can hardly be heard considering the echoes of drone fired missiles, speeding F-15 jets and rolling tanks.

The more Washington used its military force, the less it won the minds of those it needs most to defeat al-Qaeda: Americans, Arabs and Muslims.

Likewise, US military actions are harming its intelligence and law enforcement work that over the last decade have dealt the greatest blow to al-Qaeda’s leadership and organisation.

Zero Sum strategy
As military adventures kill, maim and destroy lives, they create, nurture and build animosities and “alliances” among most unlikely allies, such as a young rich Nigerian that studies in London, a Jordanian doctor that studies in Turkey and an Arab-American soldier trained by the Pentagon, all whom were ready to die to hurt America.

And likewise, counter terror tactics and intelligence work has made it ever more difficult for public diplomacy to “win hearts and minds”. Instead of listening to people of the region, it has been spying on them and instead of reading them their rights, it has tortured them in far-away prisons.

And instead of hearing out their concerns and fears, Washington has underlined its own above all others.

In that limited and limiting spirit, for example, mostly impoverished Yemenis that suffer from war in the north, intensive conflict in the south and three decade autocratic regime, must now worry about US fears, and cater to US interests above their own.

Which brings us back to our initial question: al- Qaeda is winning only as far as Washington is running a self-defeating war.

However, one needs to remember that in the self-defeating war on terror, winner and loser is one and the same.

As long as America puts its security preoccupations and political interests about those under its military and strategic domination, the Pentagon and al-Qaeda will  feed into one another and the Americans, Arabs and Muslims will continue to be the ultimate losers.

Christmas was beautiful clear skies until the sun started to set,  then out came the chemtrail jets. Now that it is night fall the jets are playing tic tac toe in the sky. When are people going to realize that something is going on in our atmosphere.

We did not manage to get any pictures of the night chemtrails as our camera seems to be having a melt down.

You can browse our other chemtrail pictures here:

Monthly Chemtrail Pictures & Chemtrail Pics

google: chemtrails

GoKill

“November Chemtrails 2009″

The beginning of November kicked off with a sky filled with chemtrails. We couldn’t help but grab the camera when we witnessed the chemtrail X. After all the mysterious tick-tac-toe pattern is what first made use research “chemtrails” a little closer.

Below you will see in the picture of a chemtrail X just being laid out into the sky. There is also come older chemtrails that have already spread out and began to make the sky have the famous gray haze.

Former Finnish Provincial Medical Officer Says Vaccines Are Eugenics Weapon

http://www.fedame.org/phpBB…

http://www.vivalavida.org/p…

Lauren from Wisconsin sent in these great shots of chemtrails being sprayed over her area.

She writes:

“i live in racine wisconsin and i see them flyin over the our feilds and crops always hitten em when its a little later at night
big happening in bayview today went down saw em there did checkboards didnt have camera wish i did all those people had to do was look up”

Thanks Lauren for the pictures, sorry for the delay in posting them. Had an email issue..

Anyone wanting to submit chemtral pictures, videos or other Health, Political etc. related piece, please do so here. We would be more then happy to post your story and or material on GoKill,  and remember.  People wont know (wake up) if we don’t show them! The Main stream Media certainly isn’t showing this, wonder why?

Thanks!
Admin
GoKill.com

Weather Control – A Research Paper Presented To Air Force 2025: www.geocities.com Info by Nasa about consistent ‘contrails’: asd-www.larc.nasa.gov Finally a reporter checked out a guys complaint and took the samples he collected and had them tested. The result from a Dr. perspective: Barium will cause our Immune System to weaken. So maybe we won’t survive the sudden “pandemic” of Swine Flu or other rare strands of Flu that keep emerging???? The constant exposure is NOT good for us, he says …

GoKill

chemtrails aerosol crimes carnicom

ZDF Chemtrails Reportage

Chemtrail Videos

I tested my air filter after a serious chem trail attack in our skys on Sunday Jan 11 2009. I found metallic debris and its conductive. I would like to know if anyone else has found the same or might have info.. Seems like WWIII is not far off. NWO or some other agency?

GoKill

Bezczelność naszych tzw. ‘liderów’ przekracza wszelkie granice przyzwoitości. Czymś się nas opryskuje, jakbyśmy byli stonką ziemniaczaną. Agencje rządowe odmawiają przyjęcia próbek powietrza do badań, a politycy wszyscy nagle stracili wzrok i niczego nie widzą. Demokracja? Czy to słowo w ogóle jeszcze coś znaczy? Strona niezależnego naukowca, który m.in. z pozytywnym skutkiem hodował patogeny, którymi się nas opryskuje na pożywce agarowej: www.carnicom.com Parę innych stron www.willthomas …

GoKill

U.F.O. and Chemtrails – A REAL PHENOMENON

Unidentified Flying Object (U.F.O.) sightings. Turin (Italy) – 2008/09